home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Economy
-
- Overview: The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon
- revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all
- export earnings and about one-third of GDP. Since 1980,
- however, the sharp drop in oil prices and the resulting decline
- in export revenues have adversely affected economic development.
- In 1988 per capita GDP was the highest in Africa at $5,410, but
- GDP growth rates have slowed and fluctuate sharply in response
- to changes in the world oil market. Import restrictions and
- inefficient resource allocations have led to shortages of basic
- goods and foodstuffs, although the reopening of the
- Libyan-Tunisian border in April 1988 and the Libyan-Egyptian
- border in December 1989 have somewhat eased shortages.
- Austerity budgets and a lack of trained technicians have
- undermined the government's ability to implement a number of
- planned infrastructure development projects. Windfall revenues
- from the hike in world oil prices in late 1990 improved the
- foreign payments position and resulted in a current account
- surplus for the first time in five years. The nonoil
- manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about
- 22% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural
- products to include petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum.
- Although agriculture accounts for about 5% of GDP, it employs
- about 20% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils
- severely limit farm output, and Libya imports about 75% of its
- food requirements.
-
- GDP: exchange rate conversion - $28.9 billion, per capita
- $6,800; real growth rate 9% (1990 est.)
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1991 est.)
-
- Unemployment rate: 2% (1988 est.)
-
- Budget: revenues $8.1 billion; expenditures $9.8 billion,
- including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (1989 est.)
-
- Exports: $11 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
-
- commodities: petroleum, peanuts, hides
-
- partners: Italy, USSR, Germany, Spain, France,
- Belgium/Luxembourg, Turkey
-
- Imports: $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
-
- commodities: machinery, transport equipment, food,
- manufactured goods
-
- partners: Italy, USSR, Germany, UK, Japan
-
- External debt: $3.5 billion, excluding military debt (1991 est.)
-
- Industrial production: growth rate - 4%; accounts for 22% of
- GDP (not including oil) (1989)
-
- Electricity: 4,700,000 kW capacity; 13,700 million kWh
- produced, 3,100 kWh per capita (1991)
-
- Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts,
- cement
-
- Agriculture: 5% of GNP; cash crops - wheat, barley, olives,
- dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 75% of food is imported
-
- Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
- commitments (1970-87), $242 million; no longer a recipient
-
- Currency: Libyan dinar (plural - dinars); 1 Libyan dinar (LD) =
- 1,000 dirhams
-
- Exchange rates: Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1 - 0.2743 (March
- 1992), 0.2669 (1991), 0.2699 (1990), 0.2922 (1989), 0.2853
- (1988), 0.2706 (1987)
-
- Fiscal year: calendar year
-
-